gracilaria biology discussion

2. Chen, C. S. and J. R. Zhang, 1999. This red seaweed is intensively cultured in China for the production of agar and fodder for abalone. contain both the C18 and C20 fatty acid oxidative pathways, ... Reactive species and antioxidants—redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Journal of Jimei University (Natural Sci.) Gracilaria red algae are notable for their economic importance as agrophytes, sold as salad vegetable, and used as the base for selected food and nonalcoholic beverages. To date, there are only 15 chloroplast genomes published for the Florideophyceae. Red algae Gracilaria (G. asiatica, G. bailinae, and G. lemaneiformis) were obtained from Chenghai district agar glue factory (Shantou, China).Specimens of Gracilaria were harvested in April (2013) in Nan’ao County (23°28′46.23″N and 117°06′24.58″E) in Shantou, China. Characterization of Gracilaria vieillardii (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) and molecular phylogeny of foliose species from the western Pacific Ocean, including a description of G. taiwanensis sp. Gracilaria firma and G. changii are among the commercially important agarophytes from the western Pacific; both feature branches with … In algae the plant body shows no differentiation into root, stem or leaf or true tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SP from the red seaweed Gracilaria cornea (Gc‐TSP) in nociceptive and inflammatory models. The chloroplast genome of Gracilaria firma maps as a circular molecule of 187,001 bp and contains 252 genes, which are distributed on both strands and consist of 35 RNA genes (3 rRNAs, 30 tRNAs, tmRNA and a ribonuclease P RNA component) and 217 protein-coding genes, including the unidentified open reading frames. The medulla was 6-8 layered in G. edulis, 10-11 layered in G. foliifera, 14-15 layered in G. eucheumatoides and 8-10 layered in G. crassa. An invasive foundation species enhances multifunctionality in a coastal ecosystem Aaron P. Ramusa,b,1, Brian R. Sillimana, Mads S. Thomsenc,d, and Zachary T. Longb aDivision of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516; bDepartmentofBiologyandMarine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC … Naturalis Biodiversity Center - L.4049826 - Gracilaria vieillardii P.C.Silva - Algae - Plant type specimen.jpeg 1,126 × 1,920; 224 KB Microsatellite markers were developed from the chloroplast genome of G. tenuistipitata var. 8403938 Penniman, Clayton Arthur ECOLOGY OF GRACILARIA TIKVAHIAE MCLACHLAN (GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA) IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY, NEW HAMPSHIRE University of … Gracilaria tenuistipitata is an agarophyte with substantial economic potential because of its high growth rate and tolerance to a wide range of environment factors. Assessment of Native Agar Gels Extracted from Gracilaria debilis and Gracilaria salicornia Harvested Along the Tanzanian Coast for Culturing Microorganisms Amelia K. Kivaisi1* and Amelia S. Buriyo2 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University … liui in Fujian. Materials. This study on Gracilaria fisheri tissue culture was aimed at optimizing the growth conditions for strain maintenance. You get a full plant not a frag. nov. Phycologia 51: 421–431. Kanten (agar) is one of the health foods because it contains no calories and has dietary fiber for about 80 % of its ingredients. DISCUSSION . This is a modular and branched seaweed (Figure 1 ) that can grow attached to rocks, buried in the sand or free living, either in the intertidal or subtidal zone (Bird, McLachlan, & Oliveira, 1986 ). Red algae are primitive photosynthetic eukaryotes, whose spores are ideal subjects for studies of photosynthesis and development. Many studies classifying Gracilaria species for the exploitation of agarophytes and the development of the agar industry were conducted before the prevalence of molecular tools, resulting in the description of many species based solely on their morphology. Although, Gracilaria spp. The Gracilaria bursa-pastoris is an abundant alga that is responsible for the eutrophication in Nador lagoon in Morocco. Both terrestrial plants and marine macroalgae produce a rich variety of secondary metabolites that can function as defences against herbivores , .These defence metabolites can be constitutively expressed or induced, whereby the production is increased in response to the attack. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tolerance The results of all experiments are summarized in Figure 1. This study reports the morphological, anatomical and agar content difference among various species of Gracilaria. In mice, Gc‐TSP (3, 9 or 27 mg/kg) significantly reduced nociceptive responses, as measured … Nguyen, P. T.; Ruangchuay, R., and Lueangthuwapranit, C., 2016. Sargassum, Gracilaria and Ulva Exhibit Positive Antimicrobial Activity against Human Pathogens () Amrit Kumar Mishra 1,2* 1 Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad Campus, Portbalir, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India . Following is a discussion on the influence of the various environmental factors on the release and germination of spores and growth of thallus of the spores. with ca. 4. Springer Netherlands. Estela M. Plastino, Melina Guimarães, Sergio R. Matioli and Eurico C. Oliveira Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970 São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Abstract: Seaweeds have attracted special interest as good sources of sulphated polysaccharides (SP) for use in pharmaceutical industries and biotechnology. L in S.-M., L iu L.-C. and P ayri C. 2012. Seaweeds are an important source of bioactive metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Rev. Convenor: C. van den Hoek. Media in category "Gracilaria" The following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Background. Codominant inheritance of polymorphic color variants of Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Gracilaria (G. aculeata , G. beckeri and G. capensis ) are endemic or near endemic to the South African coast, and a fourth species, G. denticulatais localised in southeast Africa. As an agarophyte, ... Chen P, Shao H B, Xu D, Qin S (2009).Pr ogress in Gracilaria Biology . Red algae, like Gracilaria, Gelidium, Euchema, Porphyra, Acanthophora, and Palmaria are primarily known for their industrial use for phycocolloids (agar, algin, furcellaran and carrageenan) as thickening agent, textiles, food, anticoagulants, water-binding agents etc. Gracilaria sp. Genomic DNA was isolated from the Gracilaria vermiculophylla (GRV) and G. chorda (GRC) from Jangheung located in the southern sea of the Korean Peninsula, respectively and we performed clustering analyses, DNA polymorphisms and the genetic differences. Investigations have included aspects of physiology, ecology, life history, hybridization, molecular biology, and mariculture. Three kinds of red algae Gracilaria were identified by a corresponding author. extract solution with a concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% then drained for 15 min. Although the development of red alga spores has received considerable research attention, few studies have focused on the detailed morphological and photosynthetic changes that occur during the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria … 2.0 Biology of Gracilaria. Gracilaria vermiculophylla is a widespread macroalgal invader in the temperate estuaries of the Northern Hemisphere, and, here, we expand its documented range within northeastern Ireland and England. It grows fast and has high agar content. Discussion. The most common agarophytic alga in southeast Brazil is a Gracilaria species that has been studied by several authors because of its putative commercial value. 3. Seaweeds (SW) contain biologically active substances with efficient antioxidant capacities. An extensive part of chemical ecology research focuses on plant-herbivore interactions. … The genus Gracilaria Grev. Our knowledge of non-native algae in benthic estuarine habitats is relatively poor, especially compared to algal introductions along open shores or on floating structures. The genus Gracilaria is currently the major source of SPs worldwide, and various studies have been done on their biology, ecology and phycocolloid characterization (Pomin and Mourão 2008). ... designate the taxon merely as Gracilaria sp. The red seaweed Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) occurs in estuarine habitats, where salinity is highly variable. The cortex was found 1-2 layered in G. edulis and G. eucheumatoides whereas 5-6 layered in G. foliifera and G. crassa. Algae are autotrophic organisms and they have chlorophyll. Carbon dioxide fixation through photosynthesis. They are O2 producing photosynthetic organisms. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the sulfated polysaccharidic fraction obtained from red marine alga Gracilaria cornea (Gc-FI) were investigated using a paw edema model induced in rats by different inflammatory agents (carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, bradykinin, compound 48/80 or L-arginine). The discovery of new bioactive natural products is still a fascinating field in organic chemistry as demonstrated by the recent paradigms of the anticancer drug epothilon, the immunosuppressant rapamycin, or the proteasome inhibitor salinosporamide, to name but a … tetraspores of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) Xiujun Xie1, Guangce Wang*1,2, Guanghua Pan1, Shan Gao1, Pu Xu3 and Jianyi Zhu3 Abstract Background: Red algae are primitive photosynthetic eukaryotes, whose spores are ideal subjects for studies of photosynthesis and development. 150 currently recognised species is an important component of the flora on most trop-ical to cool temperate shores. Plant Physiol. A discussion on the techniques of artificial cultivation of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Intensive aquaculture practices involve rearing fish at high densities. In effect, a full knowledge of the plant's biology and. Results. The Ogo Plant, Gracilaria sp. Gracilaria verrucosa is the most common species in China. A wild population of Gracilaria exists in coastal areas of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, but there is only limited knowledge on species diversity and its abundance leaving the untapped economic potential of this resource. Physical responses and growth on tissue culture of agarophytic seaweed, Gracilaria fisheri (Xia and Abbott) Abbott, Zhang, and Xia (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Introduction. Therefore, the lagoon is a deposit of bioresources whose economic value can be enhanced. The Gracilaria species are distributed throughout the tropical regions of the world. The chloroplast genome of Gracilaria firma was sequenced in view of its role as an economically important marine crop with wide industrial applications. ISC 11, TGES BIOLOGY -2014 1 HABITAT: ALGAE (L. Seaweed) SALIENT FEATURES: 1. The fresh red tilapia were prepared to form the fillets and then soaked for 30 min in Gracilaria sp. Many of these compounds are used to treat diseases like cancer, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Such a plant body is called thallus. 2.1 Influence of environmental factors on spore release There were no noticeable In these conditions, fish may be exposed to suboptimal dissolved O2 levels with an increased formation of reactive O2 species (ROS) in tissues. One of natural preservatives from marine is the extract of Gracilaria sp. on Seaweed Biogeography, held from 3-7 April 1984 at the Department of Marine Biology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (The Netherlands). and Developmental Utilization: Main Issues and Prospective. Contain both the C18 and C20 fatty acid oxidative pathways,... Reactive and... Have included aspects of physiology, ecology, life history, hybridization, molecular biology, and mariculture the bursa-pastoris. 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