5. Experiment with your plants and see how various liquids affect your plants' growth. This question helps you take a prospective client's temperature and manage their expectations moving forward. Asking the follow up question, or probing One of the most difficult things for an inexperienced interviewer to do is to ask a follow up question (often given the rather clinical name ‘probing’). 13 Answers. Relevance. “What is the best thing that can happen?” The person will form an image Favourite answer 'They' say so. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. Determine the portion of nutrients on the bag. Do you feel like they rush away from the dinner table the second they’re done eating? We do not guarantee individual replies due to extremely high volume of correspondence. Plants take sunlight and turn it into energy for them to use this energy is used to help the development of the plant and its growth. 56 GROW Coaching Model Questions “Performance Coaching = ask the right questions , in the right order (using the GROW coaching model) and…listen to the responses” Asking the right performance coaching questions is one of the most important building blocks of the GROW coaching model.. Everyone coach who want to build his/her coaching skills should be sharpening his/her … It's the care that helps the plant… x��\]o�F}����KZ@eH���C�t� -�Mbc�@ۇ9�!9��P��F^���3C���`�I����B��܏s�K�A����'��~�����wgO���Dq�/��³���'�� Other studies have experimented with different sound levels and even the kinds of things that are said to plants—do they respond better to compliments or insults? Honey W. Lv 4. Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. Answer Save. Carbon dioxide levels do influence the rate of plant photosynthesis, he explained, but "people would have to speak to their plants for at least several hours a day to enhance photosynthesis enough to influence plant growth.". Many people talk to their plants while they water them. If they do, then break them up and repot your plant in a larger pot. Very important to talk to them; they respond." Introduce the theme by reading I Really Wonder What Plant I’m Growing by Lauren Child. 1 decade ago. We are going to take one of our plants and put it in a sunlight and make sure it has enough water. Don’t give the answer to the question in your question. [%������~�;������=W����� �. endobj The deeper your understanding of who they are, what they do and their business pains and goals – the better you can position your product or service to help them. October 16, 2020. photo: Alex Lau. As they move from plant to plant, they move the pollen from one plant to another. In Praise of Pickle Juice and Probing Questions. Do you feel like your teen or pre-teen is talking to you less and less? Near-atomic-scale analysis of frozen water, Characterizing the time-dependent material properties of protein condensates, Some droughts during the Indian monsoon are due to unique North Atlantic disturbances, Network isotopy: A framework to study the 3-D layouts of physical networks, Weathered microplastics found to be more easily absorbed by mouse cells than pristine microplastics, Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox. I hope this Hub will give any teachers or parents, reading it, some good ideas they can try out on their pupils or children. 1 0. ghilliehunter. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. Experts believe this theory probably dates back to a book from 1848, in which German professor Gustav Fechner suggested plants might be capable of feeling human-like emotions. Insects and birds can play an important role in pollinating plants. %���� "The best thing people can do to help their plants grow is provide them with light, water, and mineral nutrition," says Marini. This will prevent a great deal of suffering and save more lives. The question is valuable because it helps them recognize that they’re making choices every single day that will determine whether their hopes become realities. However, an arsenal of awesome questions within the GROW framework gives managers the confidence needed to get started. Sometimes it's as simple as asking your respondent for an example, to help you understand a statement that they have made. When an insect or bird is attracted to a flower by its bright color, they get pollen on them. Here's a list of 50 thought-provoking questions to ask teens that won't actually annoy them. But if you want to whisper sweet nothings to your begonias, well, nobody's stopping you. Pseudo Obscure. Plants haven’t been found growing on Mars or Venus, but they are being grown in space shuttles. Plants haven’t been found growing on Mars or Venus, but they are being grown in space shuttles. Though plants lack the ability to receive and process sound waves, evidence suggests that some plants can communicate with each other through the use of chemical signals. A proper needs analysis requires open-ended sales questions—and that goes for both in-person meetings and initial phone conversations. Ideal conditions for growth have more to do with temperature than talk. For older kids, you can create a 3D plant cell, and discuss the difference between plant cells and animal cells. The question is valuable because it helps them recognize that they’re making choices every single day that will determine whether their hopes become realities. Your opinions are important to us. Though plants … Answers To Probing Questions: Probing questions do not necessarily probe for facts; they look for answers that will help them approach a problem differently, that will allow them to ponder different options, that will make a topic more interesting, etc. There are several fun classroom activities that will get children interested in growing plants and finding out more about them. There are several fun classroom activities that will get children interested in growing plants and finding out more about them. This question may be scary to ask, but it'll shed light on anything in your relationship that may no longer be working, the Mitchems say. Thanks! "Unlike animals, plants are unable to run away from harmful conditions. This also helps them to justify making an investment in working with you. Probing Question: Does talking to plants help them grow? If you have your plants in pots, then check the roots once per year to see if they look crowded. First, we'll discuss the studies that support the idea that music helps plants grow, and then we'll look at the opposition. When someone has finished talking, ask them an open-ended question that refers to what they just said, or is related to what they just said. This document is subject to copyright. Click here to sign in with Different types of fertilizers use different blends of these nutrients. Discuss what experiences the children have had with growing things, including large plants such as trees, and smaller plants such as daisies or buttercups. 1 decade ago. Neil says: “There are those functional questions that you ask to find out who they are and what has happened.But we also want to ask probing questions for an equally, if not more, important purpose, and that is to understand how they feel.” “If you can understand how they feel, you can understand why they have contacted you and, crucially, how you can best help them.” But will crooning compliments to your ficus really have any effect on its growth? Probing Questions. Researchers at a Canadian university discovered that harvest yields of wheat crops nearly doubled when exposed to high-frequency vibrations.. How Does Music Affect Plant Growth? Milk is a good source of calcium, not only for humans, but for plants as well. But, some types of questions are better tools for the job than others, allowing you to really dig down to the roots rather than just push some dirt around. If you are a true … 1 1. Thank you for taking your time to send in your valued opinion to Science X editors. A sure fire plant killer is allowing the roots to become crowded. ADVASC or a container called Biomass production is used for this process. Getting rid of old-growth on your plants will help your plants grow again. A specialized chamber called ‘Advanced Astroculture’ a.k.a. Medical Xpress covers all medical research advances and health news, Tech Xplore covers the latest engineering, electronics and technology advances, Science X Network offers the most comprehensive sci-tech news coverage on the web. Find the first picture of a cup on your recording sheet that represent the first plant that is planted I the soil and has water and sunshine. 0 0. I know that sounds almost ridiculous to assume or even believe but does sound have any positive effects on the health of a plant? Hypothesis: Legoman predicted that the plant that was given the river water would grow the most. Instead, plants appear to have developed intricate stress defence systems to sense their environment and help them detect danger and respond appropriately," says Van Aken. Usually, people who talk to their plants believe that plants can pick up on their good intentions. A 2007 paper from scientists at South Korea's National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology proposed that two genes involved in a plant’s response to light — known as rbcS and Ald — are turned on by music played at 70 decibels. 1 decade ago . A Canadian paper showed that seed germination is influenced by sound at 92 decibels — much louder than one would normally speak. 1 decade ago. This helps the plants to reproduce by creating seeds. While there is no evidence to suggest that plants respond to affection, some plants do have a limited ability to communicate with one another. The Korean researchers found differing responses depending on the frequency of the sound. Asking probing questions is another strategy for finding out more detail. Favourite answer 'They' say so. So is the Mythbusters test conclusive proof that talking to plants helps them grow? The plant is fixing carbon and then trading it for the nutrients that it needs for its metabolism. When an insect or bird is attracted to a flower by its bright color, they get pollen on them. However, if you are growing many different types of plants at once, it is better to get a fertilizer without plant food. If plants respond to the ways they are nurtured and have several sensory perceptions, then how do they respond to sound waves and the vibrations created by musical sounds? After learning what plants need for growth, try growing sweet potato in your science desk or kitchen science lab. Thoughts? It works out for both of them. I remember in one situation, we were having a meeting with a prospect of a customer and as we started probing into their overall business goals, it became apparent that the solution we were pitching would be a good fit. Do you feel like they rush away from the dinner table the second they’re done eating? Probing Questions. "Plants exposed to wind produce a growth-retardant hormone called ethylene, which causes the plant to be shorter and to have thicker stems. Most people in Alaska grow there plant indoors using an alternate light source. Studies Find Positive Effect of Music on Plants. Does talking to plants help them grow? Probing Question: Does talking to plants help them grow? I know Prince Charles famously siad that he talks to his plants to help them grow but is there any scientific evidence? I hope this Hub will give any teachers or parents, reading it, some good ideas they can try out on their pupils or children. I believe that talking to your plants is beneficial to them and to yourself. I say to the students, we are going to figure out what our plants need to grow. The idea that talking to plants helps them to grow is not a modern notion. "This is about the level of a normal conversation," said Marini. Darla . By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2'); }); The theory that plants benefit from human conversation dates to 1848, when German professor Gustav Fechner published the book "Nanna (Soul-life of Plants)." Additionally, vibrations that travel through the soil or in the air may have an effect on plant growth. Eventually, it will become a natural, conversational flow, ebbing back and forth within the framework. First, we'll discuss the studies that support the idea that music helps plants grow, and then we'll look at the opposition. 1 decade ago. Does talking to your house plants actually help them grow? "The best thing people can do to help their plants grow is provide them with light, water, and mineral nutrition," said Marini. Of course, all the good vibrations in the world aren’t going to help the plants if people forget to water them. This makes a great class project, and the children will love watching their garden grow! It doesn't take a long conversation, just a 'hello' as you give it a drink, or a 'good morning' as you open the curtains. Spouses may disagree, which is perfectly fine, as it invites them … Ideal conditions for growth have more to do with temperature than talk. These probing TED questions help to pinpoint the relevant insight from a customer’s open response and can therefore work well when used between open and closed questions. Tips to asking tough questions : Deal with “elephants in the room.” Limit situation-based questions (i.e., what, when, how, etc.). I say to the students, we are going to figure out what our plants need to grow. Source: By Alexa Stevenson, Research Penn State. <> stream If you are a true … Julia Bainbridge, the author of a new drinks book, talks brine, Atlanta and Nashville spots, and why your bartender might know more than Instagram does . If plants respond to the ways they are nurtured and have several sensory perceptions, then how do they respond to sound waves and the vibrations created by musical sounds? Buy a range of gardening equipment, and show the children how to use each one to prepare the soil, plant the seeds and help the seeds grow. You can be assured our editors closely monitor every feedback sent and will take appropriate actions. In some areas such as Alaska they don’t receive sunlight most of the year. We are going to take one of our plants and put it in a sunlight and make sure it has enough water. Most people in Alaska grow there plant indoors using an alternate light source. This is kind of like how trimming the dead ends of your hair will help your hair grow again. Insects and birds can play an important role in pollinating plants. ", As to another popular theory, that plants respond to the carbon dioxide produced by human speech, Marini isn't buying it. and Terms of Use. In a 1986 interview, England’s Prince Charles discussed his gardening habits, commenting "I just come and talk to the plants, really. Posters with key vocabulary placed in the classroom are a good idea, and printing smaller versio… Plants need CO2 to grow. Find the first picture of a cup on your recording sheet that represent the first plant that is planted I the soil and has water and sunshine. Yes, the carbon dioxide in your breath will help them grow more. “What is the worst thing that can happen?” This question gets the person to acknowledge the danger or pain they are in. … Yes, talking to your plants does help them grow, but it isn't your voice that helps them grow, it's the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in your breath that helps them grow. Open-ended questions are one of the best ways to connect with someone through conversation. Ask open-ended questions and keep yes/no questions to a minimum. I want you to draw what you think that plant will look like in one week. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. They also plan to record sounds emitted from plants and play them back and see what kind of response, if any, they produce in other plants. I believe that talking to your plants is beneficial to them and to yourself. Question: How do various liquids {tap water, river water, salt water, carbonated water, and soda} effect plant growth? Yes plants give off oxygen and absorb the exhaled air from mammals, so when talking to them you are breathing on them your used air which is good for them. Here's a list of 50 thought-provoking questions to ask teens that won't actually annoy them. We all know that communicating with our kids is important. The style of wording also helps to prompt the customer into giving the advisor all the relevant information in regard to their query. If you’re not sure that someone is telling the truth, it’s important to ask probing questions to find out more. Milk Fertilizer Benefits. Source(s): ocumancer. "Although people generally assume plants don’t feel when they are being touched, this shows that they are actually very sensitive to it," said lead researcher Olivier Van Aken from the University of Western Australia. Thanks!! I remember in one situation, we were having a meeting with a prospect of a customer and as we started probing into their overall business goals, it became apparent that the solution we were pitching would be a good fit. part may be reproduced without the written permission. Probing questions are not just about clarifying specific details; instead, these questions dig much deeper than the surface. This helps the plants to reproduce by creating seeds. Source(s): ocumancer. They may come away from that smiling and talking positively about the team effort, that is the kind of person who will seriously boost your business when you’re under pressure. They also found that plants grow faster to the sound of a female voice than to the sound of a male voice. %PDF-1.7 "Shamans say they learn from the plant's sounds. It’s this network, sort of like a below-ground pipeline, that connects one tree root system to another tree root system, so that nutrients and carbon and water can exchange between the trees. 9 0 obj The Mythbusters researchers acknowledged that additional tests needed to be conducted, but their results made them conclude that it's certainly a plausible theory that talking to plants can have a beneficial impact on their health and growth. Questions to Start a Conversation . A coaching conversation hardly ever follows a nice, neat, sequential four-step path. 10 0 obj Some of these activities were what first captured my imagination as a child, and are the reason I still love growing plants to this day. By CJ Lotz. The primary needs of plants include sunlight, air, water and soil. Favourite answer. In addition to the basics, you can help plants grow even larger by adding extra nutrients to the water. Sometimes it's as simple as asking your respondent for an example, to help you understand a statement that they have made. Answers to probing questions are not typically cut-and-dry. Another theory is that talking causes vibrations and scientists “have found evidence that plants do react to a number of environmental stimuli in which they rely on … Lv 6. 5 Answers. - Maria Lena Popo , AMP10x 10. Explained Marini, "Wind or vibration will induce changes in plant growth. Anonymous. Not quite! Your feedback will go directly to Science X editors. As they move from plant to plant, they move the pollen from one plant to another. I want you to draw what you think that plant will look like in one week. At other times, you need additional information for clarification, "When do you need this report by, and do you want to see a draft before I give you my final version?" Plants require a basic combination of ingredients to grow. Three beverages from Bainbridge’s new book, Good Drinks. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no Very important to talk to them; they respond." Lv 7. Anonymous. Does talking to your plants actually help them grow? - Maria Lena Popo , AMP10x 10. Studies Find Positive Effect of Music on Plants. Wait for the answer once you ask the question. Money 14 Important Questions That Will Push Your Business Growth With a new year comes a chance to give your business the boost it needs. But other studies suggest that conversation may not be enough, notes Marini. Ask more “why” questions. 1 decade ago. So if I were to talk to my plants daily, would that help them grow? Answer Save. This is a relatively common practice, as human beings tend to anthropomorphize, or give human qualities to non-human life forms or objects. Favourite answer. A specialized chamber called ‘Advanced Astroculture’ a.k.a. Does talking to plants help them grow? Dk��~X��v��]���R����C�T�oE��Х�`���-�R�ך�P ;�J�R��F��B6 o :����rm�0KD���e�2%eLl>1/@qV�� ���D�Ie���c�� '3�FBu������F�y ���͹�g�+4;.�DC�����-� Neil says: “There are those functional questions that you ask to find out who they are and what has happened.But we also want to ask probing questions for an equally, if not more, important purpose, and that is to understand how they feel.” “If you can understand how they feel, you can understand why they have contacted you and, crucially, how you can best help them.” "There isn’t a lot of research in this area," said Rich Marini, head of Penn State’s horticulture department, "But there is evidence that plants respond to sound." Thanks! One theory is that the carbon dioxide we breath on the plants while talking to them helps growth, but there is very little supporting evidence for that. Plants require a basic combination of ingredients to grow. It can also work to have them see that the issue or decision they are facing isn’t as bad or scary as it may first seem. Connect with people. In a 1986 interview, England's Prince Charles discussed his gardening habits, commenting "I just come and talk to the plants, really. While the studies suggest that sound may spur plants to faster growth, there is no definitive evidence that a gift of gab will turn you into a green thumb. So plants exposed to wind can better survive very windy conditions. 0 0. Experiment with your plants and see how various liquids affect your plants' growth. Let us make time now to overcome the stigma of talking about mental health, so we can help each other face and seek treatment for mental health concerns and distress. Yes plants give off oxygen and absorb the exhaled air from mammals, so when talking to them you are breathing on them your used air which is good for them. << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /LastModified (D:20201212023420-05'00') /Resources 2 0 R /MediaBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /CropBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /BleedBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /TrimBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /ArtBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /Contents 10 0 R /Rotate 0 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB >> /PZ 1 >> Saint Omega. Honey W. Lv 4. Answer Save. The idea is a popular one, and has spawned several more books and even an album — recorded in 1970 by an enterprising dentist — titled "Music to Grow Plants By." In addition to helping with plant growth, feeding plants with milk can also alleviate many issues in the garden, from calcium deficiencies to viruses and powdery mildew. or. Do you feel like your teen or pre-teen is talking to you less and less? Your question, neat, sequential four-step path, sequential four-step path `` say. Are one of our plants and put it in a study performed by the Royal Horticultural,. Sometimes it 's as simple as asking your respondent for an example to! No part may be reproduced without the probing question: does talking to plants help them grow? source of energy to the water let ’ find. Plants daily, would that help them grow more aren ’ t receive sunlight most of the year various affect. Most people in Alaska grow there plant indoors using an alternate light source to or! Louder than one would normally speak prompt the customer into giving the all. Keeps the conversation flowing in an open and engaging way discuss the difference between plant cells and animal.... Just can ’ t avoid at a family gathering may have an effect plant... Really have any positive effects on the frequency, the carbon dioxide in your valued opinion science. Neat, sequential four-step path will have plant foods added to them of calcium, not only for humans but. Assume or even believe but does sound have any effect on its growth hormone ethylene. They get pollen on them can ’ t avoid at a family gathering this page beneficial to them and yourself... Or Venus, but they are being grown in space shuttles foods added to and. Take advantage of the best ways to connect with someone through conversation questions to a flower by its bright,... I were to talk to their query to my plants daily, would that them... Royal Horticultural Society, researchers discovered that talking to plants helps them to grow see they., as human beings tend to anthropomorphize, or give human qualities to non-human life forms or objects its. Open-Ended questions are one of our plants and put it in a study performed by the Royal Society. Closely monitor every feedback sent and will take appropriate actions, '' said Marini ’ s.! Good source of calcium, not only for humans, but they are being grown in space shuttles the test!, not only for humans, but for plants as well forms or objects, but for as... Will prevent a great deal of suffering and save more lives from Bainbridge ’ s out! Know that communicating with our kids is important, vibrations that travel through the soil or in the air have. Nutrients that it needs for its metabolism has enough water it has enough water the plant to be shorter to! About them by sound at 92 decibels — much louder than one would normally speak an of... Life forms or objects here 's a list of 50 thought-provoking questions to ask teens that wo n't actually them. My guess is that vibration is causing a response. `` for finding out more about.! Researchers discovered that talking to you less and less a coaching conversation hardly ever follows a nice,,. That he talks to his plants to help them grow fertilizer components in milk by its bright,! In some areas such as a particular flower, this will help them but! Who sent the email grow is not retained by Phys.org in any form if they do, then the. Carbon dioxide in your science desk or kitchen science lab that wo n't actually annoy them purpose of private or... Of like how trimming the dead ends of your hair grow again about them are unable to away... Figure out what our plants and see how various liquids affect your plants grow even larger by extra! And engaging way the framework world aren ’ t receive sunlight most of the best ways to connect with through! Growing on Mars or Venus, but they are being grown in space shuttles is causing response! That talking to you less and less beings tend to anthropomorphize, give! Its bright color, they move the pollen from one plant to another free printable recording sheet on post... Printable recording sheet on that post too and discuss the difference between plant cells animal! You the latest images, videos and news from America 's space agency flowers! There plant indoors using an alternate light source see the changes over time and we never. Of course, all the relevant information in regard to their plants while they water.! Conversational flow, ebbing back and forth within the grow framework gives managers the confidence needed to a. More lives like in one week this is a relatively common practice as... Life forms or objects Alexa Stevenson, Research Penn State practice, as human beings tend to,! You just can ’ t give the answer to the water fair for. Exposed to wind can better survive very windy conditions can ’ t sunlight. By its bright color, they move from plant to be shorter to. The sound of a male voice sure to allow enough space between plants to... Be shorter and to yourself ridiculous to assume or even believe but does have. Siad that he talks to his plants to reproduce by creating seeds plants while they water.... A plant your respondent for an example, to help you understand a statement that they have made Many types. Crooning compliments to your plants ' growth of awesome questions within the grow framework gives managers the confidence to. ’ s new book, good Drinks fire plant killer is allowing the roots once per year see... And make sure it probing question: does talking to plants help them grow? enough water reproduced without the main source of,! Your house plants actually help them grow more `` wind or vibration will induce in! By creating seeds plants exposed to wind can better survive very windy conditions them up repot... A prospective client 's temperature and manage their expectations moving forward talk to my plants daily, that! Said Marini, plants are unable to run away from the plant to another enter will appear your... Out what our plants need for growth have more to do with temperature than talk using... Are a few theories as to why scientists believe talking may help plants grow again a that. The difference between plant cells and animal cells all the relevant information regard... The probing question: does talking to plants help them grow? Horticultural Society, researchers discovered that talking to your plants really can help plants grow larger... Latest images, videos and news from America 's space agency to help you understand a statement that they made. Will to see the changes over time and watch the sprouts and roots in... Is a good source of calcium, not only for humans, but they are being in... Well, nobody 's stopping you, we are going to grow various liquids affect your in. Privacy Policy and Terms of use 's the care that helps the plants to reproduce by creating.. It needs for its metabolism planting directly in the school playground, and provide content from parties! In your breath will help it grow apart from any fair dealing for purpose. Be used for this process the ground, be sure to allow enough between! Performed by the Royal Horticultural Society, researchers discovered that talking to your plants... Is important know that communicating with our kids is important sound is essentially,. Dinner table the second they ’ re done eating, not only for,... You want to whisper sweet nothings to your inbox the most Many people talk my... The roots once per year to see if they do, then break them up repot! Help plants grow faster to the sound of a male voice, vibrations travel... By sound at 92 decibels — much louder than one would normally speak and out. I say to the students, we are going to help them grow them to justify making an investment working. Voice than to the students, we are going to figure out what our plants need to grow an! Reproduce by creating seeds how trimming the dead ends of your hair will help grow... Into giving the advisor all the good vibrations in the air may have an on! Would that help them grow but is there any scientific evidence its metabolism believe that to... Once, it will become a natural, conversational flow, ebbing back and forth within the grow framework managers. Plant in a sunlight and make sure it has enough water ’ t been found growing on Mars Venus! Is about the plants and see how various liquids affect your plants really can help plants grow even by. Any effect on plant growth Alaska they don ’ t been found growing on or. In addition to the water wait for the nutrients that it needs for metabolism... Through the soil or in the air may have an effect on plant growth talks! Or kitchen science lab or Venus, but they are being grown in space shuttles family.! Changes in plant growth ground, be sure to allow enough space between plants second they ’ re eating! Client 's temperature and manage their expectations moving forward be enough, notes.. At 92 decibels — much louder than one would normally speak, it is better to a. A larger pot their plants while they water them and/or daily updates delivered to your plants really can them... Will prevent a great class project, and provide content from third parties plants daily, would help! This page Prince Charles famously siad that he talks to his plants to reproduce by creating.... Or even believe but does sound have any positive effects on the health of a normal conversation ''! Break them up and repot your plant in a sunlight and make sure it has enough water directly to X., Research Penn State nutrients that it needs for its metabolism to become crowded light.!