We observed differences in the mean annual precipitation among the four regions. Then, we defined uniform, moderate, irregular, and highly irregular precipitation distributions and seasonal variations for specific regions. The statistical significance of the difference between decadal periods at each grid point was assessed using a trend test with different levels of probability categorized as follows: exceptionally likely (), extremely likely (), very likely (), and very low probability (). The base data for this work has been collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department. However, there are 6 stations Overall, the north–west area showed the highest PCI values (>20), while the central, south, and east areas had moderate values and irregular distributions. Three distinct seasons are recognized in Bangladesh: the premonsoon or summer season (MAMJ), the monsoon/rainy season (JASO), and the postmonsoon or winter season (NDJF) [38]. In this study, precipitation concentration changes at different temporal intervals were compared for the four regions of Bangladesh. So it is much drier and warmer than in the most parts of the US or Central Europe. Three-month PCI changes in different periods from long-term mean PCI (1980–2011) (series 1= 1980–1989, series 2 = 1990–1999, and series 3 = 2000–2011). The geographic information system (GIS) tools have been used for the PCI mapping. 08 Jul 2018. For the case of dynamic combination, generally Bangladesh faced extreme floods and longer periods of droughts [5, 16, 17]. The most irregular and strongly irregular distributions were observed in the OND period, which was influenced by winter weather. During the six-month analysis, the JJ (January–June) period was very irregular, whereas the JD (July–December) period showed a moderate precipitation distribution. The lower PCI values were common during this time reflect the influence of monsoons. Planning and Implementation: PMO, Cabinet, BCC,BBS and SID Technical Support: Developer Credits Temperature in Bangladesh averaged 24.82 celsius from 1796 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 29.79 celsius in May of 1979 and a record low of 14.79 celsius in January of 1819. Dhaka, Bangladesh visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1014 mb. The central (excluding Dhaka) and west areas also showed comparatively higher values, while low but irregularly distributed values were observed in the central to north–east regions (Figure 3(b)). For the JD period, lower PCI values (<14) were observed over most of the study area, except for a small region in the south–east near Cox’s Bazar (Figure 3(c)) and were characterized by a moderately irregular precipitation distribution. On average, August is the wettest month. The total catchment area of these basins is 1.72 million km², with almost 93% of the catchment area situated outside the territories of Bangladesh – in Bhutan, China, India and Nepal. It has been suggested that water cycle modification is one of the most notable consequences of global atmospheric warming [6]. The major objective of this research was to analyze rainfall trend and irregular distribution over the study area at various temporal intervals. During the summer (MAMJ), the central and western regions experienced strong storms, locally known as “Kalbaishaki” which are characterized by high rainfall and the potential for devastating damage. The seasonal analysis showed that the JASO period exhibited a uniform subtropical monsoon climate; therefore, the three-month JAS period also showed a uniform distribution. Bangladesh is a low-lying river-dominated country consisting primarily of flat plains. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. The daily rainfall data of Rangpur, Dinajpur and Sylhet stations were collected for the years 2004 and 2006 from either source and used in this study. Differentiation was observed for MAMJ in all decades except 2000–2011. It occupies an area of 147,570 km2 and geographically extends from 20°34′ N to 26°38′ N and from 88°01′ E to 92°41′ E. Most of the population lives in rural areas and directly or indirectly depends on agricultural activities. Based on weather reports collected during 2005–2015. A lot of rain (rainy season) falls in the months: April, May, June, July, August, September and October. Rainfall in Bangladesh during the monsoon season is driven by tropical depressions in the Bay of Bengal [33]. Finally, we analyzed the annual, supraseasonal, seasonal, and three- and two-month PCI values using the Kruskal–Wallis test to identify statistical significance among the decades. ReliefWeb Labs projects explore new and emerging opportunities to improve information delivery to humanitarians. Moderate rainfall was distributed relatively evenly in JF, FM, MA, and AM, and MJ, JJ, JA, and AS were especially uniform. The results showed that precipitation concentrations were mostly irregular when rainfall was concentrated within two to four months of the year. Bangladesh has a subtropical monsoon climate characterized by wide seasonal variations in rainfall, high temperatures and humidity. In summer (MAMJ), the PCI values showed a moderate precipitation distribution, with the north–west and south to south–east regions showing a highly moderate distribution (Figures 5(d)–5(f)). This study analyzed the spatial and temporal precipitation variability using the PCI calculated from dense precipitation datasets collected by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). (a) Annual; (b, c) supraseasonal (b = JJ, c = JD); (d–f) seasonal (d = NDJF, e = MAMJ, f = JASO); (g–j) three months (g = JFM, h = AMJ, i = JAS, j = OND). The IPCC–2007 report found a precipitation increase from 1900 to 2005 north of latitude of 30° [13], and Bangladesh, which is one of the most flood-prone areas of the world, was highlighted as one of the most vulnerable countries [14]. Only in a few humid months per year the intense of rain is a bit higher. Finally for shorter two-month intervals (MJ, JJ, JA, and AS), most PCI values showed a uniform precipitation distribution. Only in a few humid months per year the intense of rain is a bit higher. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) is an established deterministic method for the precipitation concentration index mapping and one of the most frequently used deterministic models in spatial interpolation [35–37]. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Release Date: 2018-05-10. Open job opportunities in the humanitarian field. It is mainly focused on the development of models for long term rainfall prediction of Bangladesh divisions and districts (Weather Stations). Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. Get the monthly weather forecast for Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. The annual PCI values were moderate with some irregularities (Figure 2). The daytime temperature is going to reach 29 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 21 °c at night. The decadal analysis revealed a significant differentiation during the decades of 1980–1989 and 1990–1999, while 2000–2011 showed no significant differences (Table 1). At a two-month scale, significant changes were identified during transition periods where PCI values were lower from 2000 to 2011 than those in the earlier decades. The groundwater, however, provides adequate storage to compensate for annual variations in rainfall and stream flow. The decadal analysis (1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2011) showed that the annual PCI values have varied over time and exhibited irregular distributions. Morning Humidity : 95% Evening Humidity : 66% Surface Pressure : 1016.5 hPa Rainfall variability in space and time is one of the most relevant characteristics of the climate of Bangladesh where hydrological disaster is a common phenomenon [5]. Monthly cumulative (up to 06-06-2013) 04-06-2013 The climate is tropical in Dhaka. Precipitation in Bangladesh increased to 5.94 mm in December from 5.07 mm in November of 2015. International Journal of Integrated Sciences & Technology 3 (2018) 16-23 Study of a Heavy Rainfall Event in Bangladesh Using Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Data J. Hossain*, A. T. M. S. Azam, M. A. Khatun and M. Rafiuddin Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of … Nevertheless, the rain gauge network of Bangladesh is very sparse throughout the country. Mean PCI values during 1980–2011. Bangladesh has 30 meteorological observatories (Figure 1), all of which were included in this study. Due to the monsoon season, precipitation concentration increased dramatically while that in the winter season decreased. In a year, the rainfall is 2022 mm | 79.6 inch. The PCI values calculated on a three month scale showed complex distributions. Rainfall prediction is very important for the Bangladesh … This enabled decadal comparisons (1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2011) between four regions, covering the whole study area. Precipitation conveyance and measurement can provide a better understanding of the exact mechanisms driving these phenomena for disaster prediction and water management [12]. Sunrise : 6:20 AM Sunset : 5:09 PM. In general, the northwestern and southeastern areas of Bangladesh showed the highest PCI values, reflecting an irregular precipitation distribution. Depending on the season, the average daytime temperatures range between 25 … Dhaka Temperature Yesterday. Temperature has a significant influence on rainfall; during summer, temperatures can reach 45°C or greater, and in winter, they can fall to 5°C in some areas [21]. ICCESD-2018-4584-3 data. We defined periods of varying lengths (i.e., annual, supraseasonal, seasonal, and three- and two-month rainfall concentrations) and compared their PCI values. Find latest updates on global humanitarian responses, Bangladesh Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre, Bangladesh: Floods and Landslides - Apr 2018, NPM Bangladesh Round 17: Thematic Maps (12 May 2020), Joint Response Plan for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis - Final Report (March-December 2018), Bangladesh: Displacement due to embankment collapse - Emergency Plan of Action Final Report DREF n° MDRBD021. Daily maximum temperature and normal daily rainfall data were collected for north-western region of Bangladesh for the period 1981-2008. 2018, Article ID 1849050, 18 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1849050, 1Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh, 2Department of Geography, College of Social Science, Kongju National University, Singwan-Dong, Gongju-si, Chungnam-do 32588, Republic of Korea. A uniform precipitation distribution was observed for the JAS period, although some changes were observed in the south–east region (Figures 6(g)–6(i)). For short time periods, precipitation was strongly linked to season. ABSTRACT Spatial distribution of categorical monsoon rainfall used in Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) over Bangladesh during 1985-2014 using daily rainfall is accomplished in this study. Bangladesh is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries for climate change. Data and Resources. The results showed that the rainfall in Bangladesh is moderately seasonal, with an intensity increasing from the premonsoon to the monsoon season, driven by weak tropical depressions from the Bay of Bengal. 08 Jul 2018. For all regions, precipitation was most regular during the monsoon season (Figures 4(e)–4(h)). These monsoon depressions have a south-to-north trajectory, with turns towards the northwest and west deflected by the Meghalaya Plateau. A negative trend of PCI means concentration of rainfall during monsoon in some parts of Bangladesh is increasing. We collected 46 years (1971-2016) climate data on monthly average temperature and monthly average rainfall from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Dhaka. This analysis uses 30 years of data from 1984–2013. The results showed that precipitation is the most uniform during the monsoon season. Short-term variations also increased during the decade 2000–2011, during which the OND period saw the most irregular precipitation distribution. Depending on the season, the average daytime temperatures range between 25 … The regional differences in the mean PCI using the Kruskal–Wallis test during 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2011 in Bangladesh. High precipitation concentrations occurred in the north-northwest and south-southeast regions, but the precipitation distribution was irregular from the central to northeast regions (Figures 4(d)–4(f)). Most premonsoon rainfall occurs in the central and western regions, where agricultural production is extensive. The precipitation concentration index (PCI) is a well-known indicator for the measurement of temporal precipitation in a short or long area. To investigate the temporal changes in PCI, the PCI values were calculated for ten decadal subperiods: 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2011. The distribution of the annual PCI varied from <14 in the north–east (along Sylhet, Srimangal) to >18 in the north and south–east (Figure 3(a)) near the Bay of Bengal, where a moderate-to-irregular precipitation distribution was observed. For this reason, APHRODITE precipitation products have the potentiality to be used as a key decisive source of rainfall information for the evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates over Bangladesh. Significant changes in the PCI values between 1980 and 1989 and between 1990 and 1999 were found for the extreme northwestern and southeastern regions. First, we performed a comparative correlation between the PCI values for the two- and three-month temporal intervals to understand specific variations. In the Bay of Bengal, the hydrological cycle is dominated by very high spatial and temporal variability; and predictions for the end of the 21st century show a high degree of uncertainty [15]. Anarul Haque Mondol and Al-Mamun designed the research idea, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Mehedi Iqbal contributed for critical evaluation of the manuscript. To better understand rainfall variation, the country was divided into four regions: north-northwest, central, east-southeast, and south-southwest. International Journal of Integrated Sciences & Technology 3 (2018) 16-23 Study of a Heavy Rainfall Event in Bangladesh Using Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Data J. Hossain*, A. T. M. S. Azam, M. A. Khatun and M. 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